… And Erkan submits the first draft

Erkan’s current dissertation commitee members: 

James D. Faubion (Rice), chair. 

George Marcus (UC Irvine), 

Carl Caldwell (Rice), 

Christopher Kelty (UCLA), 

Michael Fischer (MIT), 

Hamid Naficy (Northwestern)

The table of contents:

Table of Contents

Mediating the EU; Deciphering the transformation of Turkish elites. 1

Prolegomena. 1

What this is all about? 1

001 – An Intro 9

A Description 9

Research Goals 11

I Is there a correspondence between the themes of Turkish modernity and the EU news? 11

II What is the network of sources and institutions that generate EU news? 11

III What are the emergent metaphors about the E.U. and schemes of similarity and difference about the internal dynamics of Turkish identity that Turkish journalists invent and deploy? 11

IV How to define contemporary Turkish modernity? 12

Contextualizing the study in previous research 14

Media studies with a special emphasis on journalism 14

News producers 14

Nation state etc 16

Media and modernity 19

News narration, reality creation 24

State of studies on Turkish journalism 28

The anthropology of the European Union 29

Discursive formations of EU 29

Ethnographical issues/interests 29

EU and cultural politics 30

The nature of the EU 31

The working of the system 33

Nation state and policy elites 34

In terms of nation-state 34

Social scientific and journalistic studies on Turkey 37

EU and Turkey 37

Earlier studies 39

Later studies 39

Turkish elites and cultural production 40

Islam and Modernity 41

Women and Modernity 42

Popular Culture and Modernity 45

Mass media and European Union 46

002 – A snapshot: Yol vs. Kapı: Journalistic Metaphors in Understanding EU-Turkey Relations 48

Introduction 48

Why metaphors? 48

A brief note on methods 50

Findings: Three clusters of metaphors 51

How these metaphors work? 53

What is not found and What is to come? 55

Conclusion 56

003 – Methodological issues 58

Preliminary Studies 58

Research methods. What was planned, what actually happened? 60

Focus group interviews 60

Ethnographic network mapping 60

Participant Observation and Field notes 60

Archival and secondary data tools 61

Sampling 61

Interviews 62

How the ethnographer found his interviewees? 62

66

Research Locations 74

Home vs Field complications 76

Research Design 76

Being an anthropologist… 80

Study up 81

Istanbul as a site 83

Istanbul as a field site is not easy to live 83

Ethnographer’s habitus 86

Settlement, Financial Difficulties, Anxieties 86

Field attractions 90

Soccer (football) 90

Reading 92

But not a lonely soul any more…interactions with fellow anthropologists or professionals..
92

Erkan’s duties as a citizen, as a lecturer…. 93

Field Equipment 95

Computers 95

An office 95

An apartment 95

A Cell Phone 96

Email 96

Browser 96

Text Editing 96

Blogging 96

Social Networks 96

Folksonomies 96

Photos 97

RSS Reader 97

A car 97

A job 97

Google Documents 97

Bibme 97

Kitapyurdu 97

Writing-up- A different course of writing up 98

How I drafted my chapters?
98

004 – Blogging as a research tool for ethnographic fieldwork 100

In between personal and public 101

Immediate feedback from a wider audience 104

Regularity; Potential for further Narrativity 108

Resolution of after the fact anxieties, Potential for collaborative work 110

More ideas on collaborative work 112

As a Conclusion 115

Cited web pages and blogs: 118

A list of anthropology sites and blogs (which is by no means complete) 119

005 – An outline of Turkish press 121

Engaging with Journalists. Some initial ideas 123

Comments o
n particular newspapers 124

Hürriyet 124

Zaman 124

Cumhuriyet 125

Referans 125

Turning points 127

1980s. a Certain turning point 127

28 February 1997 128

2001. Another turning point 128

AKP Times. Emerging Ownership Structures 129

Flow of careers 130

Attacks on journalists (Press freedom issues) 132

Economic insecurities 132

Political (government) pressure on journalists 132

Legal challenges 134

Media products as public debates 137

006 – Ways of Production 142

News Sources 142

EU Missionaries 144

"Internal motives" 146

Institutional actors 146

the Secretariat General for European Union Affairs of Prime Ministry (ABGS) 147

Chief Negotiator 148

State Planning Office 149

Ministries 150

Delegation for European Council 150

EU’s Joint Parliamentary Committee with Turkey 151

Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation 151

Turkish-EU Consultative Committee 152

Retired generals 152

Retired officials 153

Active generals 154

TÜSİAD 154

Academia

155

Hierarchy of sources

157

Production Process 157

Excessive editorial mistakes 157

The start of negotiations – a turning point or not? 159

Futurology 160

Consequences of alcohol ban:
163

Use of polls
164

Other countries as news sources 167

007 – Internet Urban Legends on the EU 169

Elite beliefs; a mix of misinformation and deliberation 170

Patterns of conspiracy 173

Anti-American 174

Islamization of Society 175

Anti-AKP 176

Other targets 177

008 – The EU process; an assemblage of ideas, events and agents 178

The EU process assemblage 178

Legal developments 182

ECHR decisions 182

Turkish law/ judiciary 185

Dress code; particularly headscarf ban 187

state of Turkish women 187

Article 301 189

February 07, 2006 190

Erkan’s Intro to the Turkish Judicial System 190

AKP Closure Case 192

Why this ever happened?

192

About the indictment
192

After AKP’s preliminary defense, 193

The Closure case and US approaches 193

The Closure case and EU approaches 194

Şemdinli: After Susurluk, before Ergenekon 194

Ergenekon Case 195

Previously Foreign policy issues 197

Cyprus 197

Turkey and Israel relations 200

Turkey and US relations 200

September 11 210

Turkish Foreign Policy choices 211

Syria 213

Armenia 213

Rumeli Turks 214

Israel 214

Northern Iraq 215

Russia 216

Seemingly Domestic Issues
217

Secularist/ Nationalist backlash until the July 2007 elections 217

Flag Frenzy in March 2005 217

April 2007- E-warning 219

July 2007 Elections- "The people’s memorandum" 220

Turkish army 221

Kurdish insurgency 227

Orhan Pamuk/ Armenian Genocide Claims 230

Minorities in general 236

EU-wise Interventions 241

French Interventions 241

Europe after Constitution Crisis 242

Major EU Country leaders/Officials 244

Günter Verheugen 245

Valery
Giscard d’Estaing 245

Camiel Eurlings 245

Gerhard Schroeder 246

Nicholas Sarkozy 246

Joost Lagendijk 247

Others 247

Summit Times/ Meeting Times 247

Report Times 248

Turkey not invited to the 50th birthday 249

EU funded projects 251

Danish Cartoon Crisis 251

009 – Conceptual Wars
253

Europeanization 253

Europeanizing Strategy 253

Conceptualizing the EU 257

Soft power / Soft Imperialism 261

Between EU and Turkey 263

A process of ironies, dilemmas 263

Pros and Cons game 263

Energy as an asset 266

Conditional Yes 268

Privileged Partnership 268

National Program 269

Copenhagen/Ankara criteria 269

Digestion capacity 270

Nature of anti-EU front 274

Nature of negotiations 275

Domestic conceptualizations 280

Public vs. Private Space 280

Strategic Deepness 280

Democracy 281

What is AKP?
285

Ankara-ization 285

AKP’s Protestant Capitalism 286

AKP and Tayyip Erdoğan

287

What is CHP? 287

What is MHP? 289

Islam and Modernity 290

Modernity itself 292

Secularism 293

the Second Republic 297

Who is to blame? 297

Intellectuals 297

Politicians 298

Society 298

Turkishness 299

Turkish Islam 300

Other countries as guidelines 301

Malaysia or Egypt 301

France 303

Croatia 304

Albania 305

Hungary, Czech Republic, Polland 305

Spain 305

Germany 305

Judicial Coup 306

010- Turkish Journalists: Independent political actors? 307

A brief history of Turkish political elites 308

The effect of EU in domestic politics 309

Journalists as political actors, a brief theoretical background 311

The nature of an elite formation 313

Access to policy elites 317

An intervention. Peer Pressure and Malaysification stories 320

More Interventions 325

A Brief Conclusion 327

011 – Bibliography 329